Version Control Systems Quiz

1. What is a Version Control System (VCS)?

• A VCS is an application that automates software testing processes.
• A VCS is a tool that helps manage changes to source code or files, tracking history, merging updates, and enabling collaboration.
• A VCS is a tool used for designing user interfaces.
• A VCS is a program that compiles code into machine language only.

2. Why use Version Control Systems?

• To keep track of code changes, collaborate with team members, revert to previous versions, and maintain a history of changes.
• To store backup copies without version tracking or collaboration features.
• To increase the size of files and make them harder to manage.
• To limit the number of developers on a project and restrict changes permanently.

3. What are the types of Version Control Systems?

• Linear VCS
• Centralized VCS (e.g., SVN) and Distributed VCS (e.g., Git)
• Only Centralized VCS
• Only Distributed VCS

4. What is Git?

• Git is a programming language for developing applications.
• Git is a distributed VCS widely used for tracking changes in source code during software development.
• Git is a type of software used for graphic design.
• Git is a web-based platform for project management.

5. How do you delete a branch in Git?

• Use `git branch -d branch_name` for a merged branch.
• Use `git erase branch_name` to clean a branch.
• Use `git delete branch_name` to remove a branch.
• Use `git remove branch_name` to delete a branch.

6. What is `.gitignore`?

• A log file that tracks all changes made in a repository.
• A file that specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore.
• A script that automates the installation of Git.
• A command for merging branches in Git.

7. What is `git diff`?

• Shows differences between files in the working directory and the index or a commit.
• Displays the current status of the repository.
• Lists all available branches in a repository.
• Merges changes from one branch to another.

8. What does `git reset` do?

• Creates a new branch for experimental changes.
• Pushes local changes to the remote repository.
• Deletes the entire project and all its history.
• Undoes changes by moving the HEAD to a specified state, modifying the staging area and working directory.

9. What is `git cherry-pick`?

• Merges two branches into one, combining all changes.
• Deletes the most recent commit from the current branch.
• Reverts a commit, undoing its changes in the current branch.
• Applies a specific commit from one branch onto another.

10. What is `git tag`?

• A method to combine multiple commits into one.
• A command to delete branches in a repository.
• Used to mark specific points in history as important, usually for releases.
• A function to view changes between files in Git.

11. What is a fork in GitHub?

• A way to permanently delete a repository in GitHub.
• A copy of a repository that allows you to freely experiment with changes without affecting the original.
• A method of submitting code changes directly to the original repository.
• A feature that tracks changes made by other users in a repository.

12. How do you undo the last commit without losing changes?

• Use `git reset –soft HEAD~1`.
• Use `git checkout — HEAD`.
• Use `git reset –hard HEAD~1`.
• Use `git revert HEAD`.

13. How do you revert a specific commit?

• Use `git reset commit_hash`.
• Use `git revert commit_hash`.
• Use `git undo commit_hash`.
• Use `git delete commit_hash`.

14. What is `git blame`?

• Shows who made changes to each line in a file and when.
• Lists all contributors to a project based on commit history.
• Reveals the total number of commits in a repository.
• Compares two branches for differences in code.

15. How do you squash commits in Git?

• Use `git rebase -i HEAD~n` and choose the squash option for commits to combine.
• Use `git commit –amend` to include previous commits in the latest one.
• Use `git merge –squash` to combine multiple commits into one.
• Use `git squash -m `combine commits“ to merge commits together.

16. Which Git commands can add all new and modified-existing files to the staging area?

• `git combine`
• `git stage all`
• `git add .`
• `git include`

17. Which Git commands both stage and commit only modified and deleted files but NOT the new files added to the repository since the last commit?

• `git commit -a`
• `git commit -m`
• `git commit -u`
• `git add .`

18. What is the Git command that lists all Git commands for you?

• $ git list-commands
• $ git commands-list
• $ git show-commands
• $ git help -a

19. What is the closest programming language to machine code (i.e., binary code)?

• Ruby
• Python
• C++
• Assembly

20. Does it need interpretation in order to become machine-comprehensible?

• No. Machine code is directly executable.
• Yes. It`s executed without any changes.
• Yes. An Assembler interprets the program for the machine.
• No. It does not require any conversion.

21. Name the oldest high-level programming language that is still in active daily use.

• Fortran
• COBOL
• Pascal
• BASIC

22. Approximately how many decades is Fortran old?

• 7 decades
• 4 decades
• 10 decades
• 2 decades

23. Name a second-generation programming language.

• Assembly
• Python
• Ruby
• Java

24. Which language-generation are Fortran, C, C++, MATLAB, Python, R?

• Second
• Fifth
• Third
• First

25. In what decades C, C++, and MATLAB/Python were created, respectively?

• 1970s, 1990s, 1990s, 2000s
• 1980s, 1990s, 1990s, 2000s
• 1960s, 1970s, 1970s, 1980s
• 1970s, 1980s, 1980s, 1990s

26. Name an ancestor programming language of C.

• E
• D
• A
• B

27. Name a programming language ancestor of C++.

• Pascal
• JavaScript
• Simula
• LISP

28. Name a programming language ancestor of MATLAB/Python.

• Assembly/B
• C++/Java
• Fortran/C
• Ruby/Swift

29. How would you distinguish exponential behavior vs. power-law behavior in a 2-dimensional plot?

• An exponential curve looks like a line only when the X-axis is plotted on log-scale. A power-law curve looks like a line only when both the X- and Y-axes are plotted on log-scale.
• An exponential curve looks linear on both axes, while a power-law curve is always curved.
• An exponential behavior is only identifiable in three-dimensional plots; power-law behavior cannot be plotted.
• An exponential curve appears curved on log-scale, while a power-law curve remains constant.

30. What are the main differences between Git, SVN, and Mercurial?

• Git is a centralized system using a single server for all operations; revisions are stored linearly.
• Git is a distributed VCS with a complete copy of the repository on each developer`s local machine, enabling offline work and efficient branching and merging. SVN is a centralized VCS relying on a central server for operations. Mercurial is also a distributed VCS similar to Git, providing similar benefits.
• SVN allows offline work by storing the entire repository on every developer`s machine, enhancing performance.
• Mercurial is a centralized VCS that restricts user collaboration to a single server, limiting features.