Version Control Programming Quiz

1. What is a Version Control System (VCS)?

• A VCS is a program that compiles code into an executable.
• A Version Control System (VCS) is a tool that helps manage changes to source code or files, tracking history, merging updates, and enabling collaboration.
• A VCS is a system for managing hardware resources in a computer.
• A VCS is a database used for storing large amounts of data.

2. Why use Version Control Systems?

• To make code unreadable and disorganized.
• To keep track of code changes and collaborate effectively.
• To store files in multiple random locations.
• To prevent team members from accessing the code.

3. What are the types of Version Control Systems?

• Centralized and Distributed VCS
• Monolithic and Clustered VCS
• Linear and Branching VCS
• Static and Dynamic VCS

4. What is Git?

• Git is a distributed VCS that is widely used for tracking changes in source code during software development.
• Git is a programming language used for web development.
• Git is a centralized database for storing files.
• Git is an online platform for social networking among developers.

5. Which Git command can add all new and modified existing files to the staging area?

• `git commit -m `Add“
• `git push origin master`
• `git add .`
• `git merge branch_name`

6. Which Git commands both stage and commit only modified and deleted files but NOT the new files added to the repository since the last commit?

• `git commit -p`
• `git commit -m`
• `git commit -u`
• `git commit -a`

7. What is the Git command that lists all Git commands for you?

• `$ git command-list`
• `$ git show-commands`
• `$ git help -a`
• `$ git list-commands`

8. What is the purpose of `.gitignore`?

• A file that stores commit history.
• A file that specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore.
• A file that lists all branches in a repository.
• A file that tracks all changes in a repository.

9. What does `git diff` do?

• Shows differences between files in the working directory and the index or a commit.
• Deletes untracked files from the working directory.
• Displays the commit history of the repository.
• Reverts changes made to the last commit.

10. What does `git reset` do?

• Deletes the entire repository and all its history.
• Creates a new branch from the current state of the repository.
• Resolves merge conflicts automatically during a merge.
• Undoes changes by moving the HEAD to a specified state, modifying the staging area and working directory.

11. What is `git cherry-pick`?

• Retrieves remote data without merging it.
• Combines changes from multiple branches into one.
• Deletes a branch from the local repository.
• Applies a specific commit from one branch onto another.

12. What is `git tag`?

• Used to mark specific points in history as important, usually for releases.
• A method to find differences between files in Git.
• A command to delete branches in Git permanently.
• A feature to summarize the history of commits in a repository.

13. What is a fork in GitHub?

• A process to combine two different repositories into one.
• A way to permanently delete the original repository and its history.
• A copy of a repository that allows you to freely experiment with changes without affecting the original.
• A feature to track issues in the original repository.

14. How do you undo the last commit without losing changes?

• `git reset –soft HEAD~1`
• `git revert HEAD`
• `git commit –amend`
• `git checkout — HEAD`

15. How do you revert a specific commit?

• `git delete commit_hash`
• `git revert commit_hash`
• `git reset commit_hash`
• `git checkout commit_hash`

16. What does `git blame` do?

• Shows the file history including all commits.
• Deletes the entire content of a file in Git.
• Creates a new branch with the latest changes.
• Shows who made changes to each line in a file and when.

17. How do you squash commits in Git?

• Use `git rebase -i HEAD~n` and choose the squash option for commits to combine.
• Use `git combine HEAD~n` to join commits into one.
• Use `git compress HEAD~n` to compress commit history.
• Use `git merge –squash branch_name` to combine commits.

18. What is `git gc`?

• A command to clean up unnecessary files and optimize the repository.
• A command to merge changes from one branch to another.
• A command to create a new repository online.
• A command to delete all branches in the repository.

19. What is a hook in Git?

• Scripts that run before or after specific events, like committing or pushing.
• Tools for merging branches and tracking conflicts.
• Commands that create backups of repositories.
• Files that store commit logs and history.

20. What is `git clean`?

• Deletes untracked files from the working directory.
• Merges changes from different branches.
• Stages files for commit.
• Reverts previous commits in history.

21. What is the difference between `git reset` and `git revert`?

• `git reset` commits changes while `git revert` aborts the commit process entirely.
• Both `git reset` and `git revert` discard changes completely without tracking them.
• `git reset` undoes changes by moving the HEAD, while `git revert` creates a new commit to undo changes.
• `git reset` creates a new commit while `git revert` does nothing to the commit history.

22. How do you revert multiple commits in one go?

• `git merge branch_name`
• `git reset HEAD~n`
• `git checkout commit_hash`
• `git revert commit_hash1 commit_hash2 …`

23. What is the default branch in Git?

• master
• branch
• main
• develop

24. What is a request to merge your branch into another branch called?

• A join request.
• A branch request.
• A merge request.
• A pull request.

25. What does a detached HEAD mean?

• The HEAD reference points directly to a commit SHA-1.
• The HEAD reference is an alias for a remote repository.
• The HEAD reference is detached from the working directory.
• The HEAD reference points to the latest branch.

26. What does “deleting a branch” immediately do?

• Deleting a branch immediately removes it from the local repository.
• Deleting a branch immediately merges it with the main branch.
• Deleting a branch immediately archives the branch for later use.
• Deleting a branch immediately updates all files in the repository.

27. Which situation is most likely to create a merge conflict?

• Both branches update the same file or section of code.
• Both branches add new files to the project.
• One branch updates a different file completely.
• One branch deletes a file while the other modifies it.

28. How do you check out a specific commit in Git?

• `git checkout branch_name`
• `git switch commit_hash`
• `git checkout commit_hash`
• `git reset commit_hash`

29. What is the difference between `git pull` and `git fetch`?

• `git fetch` removes all local changes without merging.
• `git pull` only updates the remote repository without affecting local files.
• `git pull` combines fetch and merge, while `git fetch` only retrieves data from the remote repository.
• `git fetch` both pulls and merges changes automatically.

30. What is the purpose of `.gitattributes`?

• To manage user permissions for accessing the repository.
• To specify branch colors in the command line interface.
• To define attributes for files in the repository, such as text or binary.
• To track changes made to the repository history.